Topological interlocking in architecture: developing new geometries and structural systems for architecture and industrial design

The idea for this research derives from the understanding that recent technological developments in digital design and fabrication seem to dissolve the limits in designing and fabricating complex architectural forms. It thus facilitates design that goes beyond the traditional repetitive forms. Therefore, it appears that it is now possible to examine new approaches to the design and fabrication of building elements, such as Topological Interlocking, that rely primarily on geometry rather than only on material properties while aiming to achieve better performance in various criteria such as seismic resistant and fabrication time.

Since ancient times masonry has been one of the leading construction techniques for durable structures. Concrete or stone blocks provide excellent resistance to the structure's pressure loads. However, the stability of the structure also depends on the quality of the mortar, assembling precision, and brick materials. The principle of Topological Interlocking (TI) describes a particular case of masonry construction in which the arrangement of simple shaped blocks results in a self-supporting structure that does not require any joints or mortar between the blocks. The geometry and the arrangement of the blocks play a crucial role in the performance of an interlocking assembly as a structure. However, only a few types of structural elements based on Topological Interlocking were known and described in the literature.

The research shows that certain properties of TI structures, such as load-bearing capacity, can be improved by changing the geometry and the arrangement of the blocks.